Alzheimer's Disease: What Every Family Needs to Know

Alzheimer's disease touches the lives of millions ofSignificant memory problems in their loved one may
Americans. Today, some 4.5 million Americans sufferbe dismissed as simply a part of getting old. As a
from Alzheimer's, and 1 in 10 families have a lovedresult, family members often overlook the earliest
one afflicted with it. With no cure in sight, it issigns of mental deterioration. They become
important for families to arm themselves withconcerned and seek outside help only after they
information about this devastating disease.begin to notice the more obvious changes in behavior
* Alzheimer's disease begins slowly.or personality. By then, Alzheimer's has probably
Like a stroke, Alzheimer's kills brain cells. Unlike aprogressed to the point where their loved one can
stroke, however, Alzheimer's does not strikeno longer live independently.
suddenly. And, its effects are more far-ranging.* Families must be prepared for what is going to
Experts like to say that Alzheimer's has an insidioushappen.
onset. This means simply that the disease startsWhenever the diagnosis of Alzheimer's is finally made,
slowly and unfolds very gradually. So gradually, init is important for family members to understand that
fact, that the person who has Alzheimer's may notthis is not a disease that can be cured or reversed.
realize that anything is wrong until a great deal ofThe fact is, individuals who have Alzheimer's will spiral
brain tissue has been destroyed.downward toward total care and, ultimately, death. It
* Early symptoms reflect what is happening insidemay take years, but individuals who have Alzheimer's
the brain.will eventually lose everything that defines their
Alzheimer's disease attacks tissue deep within thepersonhood. Among other things, their ability to
brain and spreads out to include all those regionscommunicate will continue to decline. They will lose
associated with complex thinking and learning; thosethe ability to dress and groom themselves. They will
regions of the brain that make us uniquely human. Asneed assistance using the toilet. They may begin to
the path of destruction widens, individuals who havewander and to experience hallucinations. In the final
Alzheimer's will eventually notice that their thinkingstages of the disease, individuals afflicted with
skills are deteriorating. More often than not, they willAlzheimer's will be unable to recognize a spouse or a
notice that their memory is failing. But, it is not just achild. Motor skills will decline so much that they will be
series of senior moments. Individuals stricken byunable to walk or to feed themselves. They will lose
Alzheimer's will have more than a little difficulty findingall control of bowel and bladder. Eventually, all body
the right words to express their thoughts and feeling.systems will shut down.
They may forget the names of familiar places and* Families must be willing to reach out for help.
long-term acquaintances. They are likely to forgetFamilies need to think carefully about the amount of
long standing appointments. To compensate forassistance they are willing and able to provide.
these everyday losses, they may withdraw fromAffection for the afflicted individual, as well as a
friends and avoid social gatherings. Their homes maysense of obligation, can initially blind family members
become littered with notes and other reminders asto the harsh realities of caring for their loved one.
they struggle to overcome their memory losses.Families must understand that the kind of care
* Alzheimer's disease affects personality andrequired will become more and more demanding.
behavior.Worse, they will have to watch as the deterioration
Interestingly, even as problems accumulate, manytakes place. Among family caregivers, stress
individuals will actively deny their difficulties. Denial is areactions can be quite severe and depression is very
common way of coping in the earliest stages ofcommon. To cope, family caregivers must seek help
Alzheimer's. It is a defense mechanism that helps tofrom their larger community. The local Alzheimer's
preserve a sense of self-worth, which becomesAssociation should be their first stop. It is the best
increasingly fragile as thinking skills fail. Unfortunately,single resource available. The local Alzheimer's
denial does not "work" forever or for everyone.Association can direct families to a variety of
When denial no longer works, some individuals sinkservices and assistance. For example, many
into depression. Others may react with angrycommunities have respite programs to give families a
outbursts, even rage, in the face of everydayshort break from care giving. Adult daycare also may
frustrations. It is especially common for individualsbe available to provide care during the day while
afflicted with Alzheimer's to develop a kind of apathy.family caregivers continue with their regular jobs.
They lose interest in those things that used to bringOften times, special support groups are available to
them joy.help caregivers deal with the depression and other
* Early signs of Alzheimer's may go unrecognized bynegative emotions that can develop over time. In
family members.any case, families of persons afflicted with
Families often engage in their own form of denialAlzheimer's disease do not have to go it alone. Help is
when it comes to Alzheimer's in a loved one.available.