The History Of Bipolar Disorder

It has not been until recently that the term bipolarThe other scientist, Jean-Pierre Falret, referred to the
disorder has been used to represent what hascondition as folie circulaire (circular insanity).
always been a misunderstood condition. The ancientAfter World War II, an Australian psychiatrist named
Greeks were aware of it, and the ancient ChineseJohn Cade was the first to discover that lithium
had written about it in an encyclopedia. Yet, it wascarbonate could be used to treat manic depressive
not until 1957 that the terms bipolar and unipolarpsychosis. At this time during the history of bipolar
were first used.disorder, many experts feared that table salt
Learning the history of bipolar disorder helps us tosubstitutes could be toxic or fatal. So, it wasnt until
both understand and appreciate the manythe 1950s that American hospitals experimented with
advancements that have been made in the fieldthis knowledge. Lithium was eventually approved for
today. Knowing about the history of the disorder willtreatment by the Food and Drug Administration in
also provide us with hope for further advancements1970.
that are certain to come in the future.In 1968, the condition was reclassified as an illness
From Ancient Descriptions to the Modern Day(manic depressive illness). Recently, the term bipolar
Diseasedisorder has become more common. Many prefer the
Excluding the ancient Greeks and Chinese, not mucholder term because it more accurately describes the
research was done in the history of bipolar disordercondition as an illness rather than a disorder.
until the 1900s. In 1902, Emil Kraepelin, a GermanFamous Sufferers of Bipolar Disorder In History
psychiatrist who lived from 1856-1926, began toThere were many famous people that displayed the
study the disorder in more depth. Kraepelin monitoredclassic symptoms of bipolar disorder, even though
the natural progression of untreated bipolar patients.they were never diagnosed or treated. These
In his notes, he described his patients by using thehistorical sufferers of bipolar disorder include Virginia
term "manic depressive psychosis." This was the firstWoolf, Theodore Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, Leo
time in the history of bipolar disorder that such aTolstoy, Ernest Hemmingway, and Abraham Lincoln.
precise term had ever been used.A Promising Future
In 1954, two French scientists individually presentedThough it took hundreds of years to research,
their theories regarding a biphasic mental illness thatclassify, and treat bipolar disorder, we still have a long
consisted of reoccurring cycles of depression andway to go before a cure can be found. Yet, the
mania. One of these scientists, Jules Baillarger, calledhistory of bipolar disorder provides the hope that long
the illness folie a double forme (dual-form insanity).strides can be made in just a short period of time.